
Fleas are pests of humans and their domestic animals all over the world. They are small, wingless insects that average 2mm to 4mm long and can be as small as 1mm. When view from the front, head on, the adult flea’s body is narrow from side to side. This allows it to move readily between hairs in animal’s fur into very narrow areas, such as crevices and folds of upholstery or even below flooring. The flea body is also covered with spines that project backward, making it well adapted for moving forward between hairs and feathers of the host’s body. These same spines make removal of the flea, by shaking or scratching difficult. Adult fleas have piercing- sucking mouthparts to penetrate the skin of the host and suck blood. Their long, powerful legs permit them to jump as high as 20cm vertically and 40cm horizontally.
